NePA TesT: Community Network Emulator

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# Mininet install script for Ubuntu (and Debian Lenny)

# Brandon Heller (brandonh@stanford.edu)

# Fail on error

set -e

# Fail on unset var usage

set -o nounset

# Get directory containing mininet folder

MININET_DIR="$( cd -P "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )/../.." && pwd -P )"

# Set up build directory, which by default is the working directory

#  unless the working directory is a subdirectory of mininet, 

#  in which case we use the directory containing mininet

BUILD_DIR="$(pwd -P)"

case $BUILD_DIR in

  $MININET_DIR/*) BUILD_DIR=$MININET_DIR;; # currect directory is a subdirectory

  *) BUILD_DIR=$BUILD_DIR;;

esac

# Location of CONFIG_NET_NS-enabled kernel(s)

KERNEL_LOC=http://www.openflow.org/downloads/mininet

# Attempt to identify Linux release

DIST=Unknown

RELEASE=Unknown

CODENAME=Unknown

ARCH=`uname -m`

if [ "$ARCH" = "x86_64" ]; then ARCH="amd64"; fi

if [ "$ARCH" = "i686" ]; then ARCH="i386"; fi

test -e /etc/debian_version && DIST="Debian"

grep Ubuntu /etc/lsb-release &> /dev/null && DIST="Ubuntu"

if [ "$DIST" = "Ubuntu" ] || [ "$DIST" = "Debian" ]; then

    install='sudo apt-get -y install'

    remove='sudo apt-get -y remove'

    pkginst='sudo dpkg -i'

    # Prereqs for this script

    if ! which lsb_release &> /dev/null; then

        $install lsb-release

    fi

fi

test -e /etc/fedora-release && DIST="Fedora"

if [ "$DIST" = "Fedora" ]; then

    install='sudo yum -y install'

    remove='sudo yum -y erase'

    pkginst='sudo rpm -ivh'

    # Prereqs for this script

    if ! which lsb_release &> /dev/null; then

        $install redhat-lsb-core

    fi

fi

if which lsb_release &> /dev/null; then

    DIST=`lsb_release -is`

    RELEASE=`lsb_release -rs`

    CODENAME=`lsb_release -cs`

fi

echo "Detected Linux distribution: $DIST $RELEASE $CODENAME $ARCH"

# Kernel params

KERNEL_NAME=`uname -r`

KERNEL_HEADERS=kernel-headers-${KERNEL_NAME}

if ! echo $DIST | egrep 'Ubuntu|Debian|Fedora'; then

    echo "Install.sh currently only supports Ubuntu, Debian and Fedora."

    exit 1

fi

# More distribution info

DIST_LC=`echo $DIST | tr [A-Z] [a-z]` # as lower case

# Determine whether version $1 >= version $2

# usage: if version_ge 1.20 1.2.3; then echo "true!"; fi

function version_ge {

    # sort -V sorts by *version number*

    latest=`printf "$1\n$2" | sort -V | tail -1`

    # If $1 is latest version, then $1 >= $2

    [ "$1" == "$latest" ]

}

# Kernel Deb pkg to be removed:

KERNEL_IMAGE_OLD=linux-image-2.6.26-33-generic

DRIVERS_DIR=/lib/modules/${KERNEL_NAME}/kernel/drivers/net

OVS_RELEASE=1.4.0

OVS_PACKAGE_LOC=https://github.com/downloads/mininet/mininet

OVS_BUILDSUFFIX=-ignore # was -2

OVS_PACKAGE_NAME=ovs-$OVS_RELEASE-core-$DIST_LC-$RELEASE-$ARCH$OVS_BUILDSUFFIX.tar

OVS_TAG=v$OVS_RELEASE

OF13_SWITCH_REV=${OF13_SWITCH_REV:-""}

function kernel {

    echo "Install Mininet-compatible kernel if necessary"

    sudo apt-get update

    $install linux-image-$KERNEL_NAME

}

function kernel_clean {

    echo "Cleaning kernel..."

    # To save disk space, remove previous kernel

    if ! $remove $KERNEL_IMAGE_OLD; then

        echo $KERNEL_IMAGE_OLD not installed.

    fi

    # Also remove downloaded packages:

    rm -f $HOME/linux-headers-* $HOME/linux-image-*

}

# Install Mininet deps

function mn_deps {

    echo "Installing Mininet dependencies"

    if [ "$DIST" = "Fedora" ]; then

        $install gcc make socat psmisc xterm openssh-clients iperf \

            iproute telnet python-setuptools libcgroup-tools \

            ethtool help2man pyflakes pylint python-pep8

    else

        $install gcc make socat psmisc xterm ssh iperf iproute telnet \

            python-setuptools cgroup-bin ethtool help2man \

            pyflakes pylint pep8

    fi

    echo "Installing Mininet core"

    pushd $MININET_DIR/mininet

    sudo make install

    popd

}

# Install Mininet developer dependencies

function mn_dev {

    echo "Installing Mininet developer dependencies"

    $install doxygen doxypy texlive-fonts-recommended

}

# The following will cause a full OF install, covering:

# -user switch

# The instructions below are an abbreviated version from

# http://www.openflowswitch.org/wk/index.php/Debian_Install

function of {

    echo "Installing OpenFlow reference implementation..."

    cd $BUILD_DIR

    $install autoconf automake libtool make gcc

    if [ "$DIST" = "Fedora" ]; then

        $install git pkgconfig glibc-devel

    else

        $install git-core autotools-dev pkg-config libc6-dev

    fi

    git clone git://openflowswitch.org/openflow.git

    cd $BUILD_DIR/openflow

    # Patch controller to handle more than 16 switches

    patch -p1 < $MININET_DIR/mininet/util/openflow-patches/controller.patch

    # Resume the install:

    ./boot.sh

    ./configure

    make

    sudo make install

    cd $BUILD_DIR

}

function of13 {

    echo "Installing OpenFlow 1.3 soft switch implementation..."

    cd $BUILD_DIR/

    $install  git-core autoconf automake autotools-dev pkg-config \

        make gcc g++ libtool libc6-dev cmake libpcap-dev libxerces-c2-dev  \

        unzip libpcre3-dev flex bison libboost-dev

    if [ ! -d "ofsoftswitch13" ]; then

        git clone https://github.com/CPqD/ofsoftswitch13.git

        if [[ -n "$OF13_SWITCH_REV" ]]; then

            cd ofsoftswitch13

            git checkout ${OF13_SWITCH_REV}

            cd ..

        fi

    fi

    # Install netbee

    NBEESRC="nbeesrc-jan-10-2013"

    NBEEURL=${NBEEURL:-http://www.nbee.org/download/}

    wget -nc ${NBEEURL}${NBEESRC}.zip

    unzip ${NBEESRC}.zip

    cd ${NBEESRC}/src

    cmake .

    make

    cd $BUILD_DIR/

    sudo cp ${NBEESRC}/bin/libn*.so /usr/local/lib

    sudo ldconfig

    sudo cp -R ${NBEESRC}/include/ /usr/

    # Resume the install:

    cd $BUILD_DIR/ofsoftswitch13

    ./boot.sh

    ./configure

    make

    sudo make install

    cd $BUILD_DIR

}

function install_wireshark {

    if ! which wireshark; then

        echo "Installing Wireshark"

        if [ "$DIST" = "Fedora" ]; then

            $install wireshark wireshark-gnome

        else

            $install wireshark tshark

        fi

    fi

    # Copy coloring rules: OF is white-on-blue:

    echo "Optionally installing wireshark color filters"

    mkdir -p $HOME/.wireshark

    cp -n $MININET_DIR/mininet/util/colorfilters $HOME/.wireshark

    echo "Checking Wireshark version"

    WSVER=`wireshark -v | egrep -o '[0-9\.]+' | head -1`

    if version_ge $WSVER 1.12; then

        echo "Wireshark version $WSVER >= 1.12 - returning"

        return

    fi

    echo "Cloning LoxiGen and building openflow.lua dissector"

    cd $BUILD_DIR

    git clone https://github.com/floodlight/loxigen.git

    cd loxigen

    make wireshark

    # Copy into plugin directory

    # libwireshark0/ on 11.04; libwireshark1/ on later

    WSDIR=`find /usr/lib -type d -name 'libwireshark*' | head -1`

    WSPLUGDIR=$WSDIR/plugins/

    PLUGIN=loxi_output/wireshark/openflow.lua

    sudo cp $PLUGIN $WSPLUGDIR

    echo "Copied openflow plugin $PLUGIN to $WSPLUGDIR"

    cd $BUILD_DIR

}

# Install Open vSwitch specific version Ubuntu package

function ubuntuOvs {

    echo "Creating and Installing Open vSwitch packages..."

    OVS_SRC=$BUILD_DIR/openvswitch

    OVS_TARBALL_LOC=http://openvswitch.org/releases

    if [ "$DIST" = "Ubuntu" ] && version_ge $RELEASE 12.04; then

        rm -rf $OVS_SRC

        mkdir -p $OVS_SRC

        cd $OVS_SRC

        if wget $OVS_TARBALL_LOC/openvswitch-$OVS_RELEASE.tar.gz 2> /dev/null; then

            tar xzf openvswitch-$OVS_RELEASE.tar.gz

        else

            echo "Failed to find OVS at $OVS_TARBALL_LOC/openvswitch-$OVS_RELEASE.tar.gz"

            cd $BUILD_DIR

            return

        fi

        # Remove any old packages

        $remove openvswitch-common openvswitch-datapath-dkms openvswitch-controller \

                openvswitch-pki openvswitch-switch

        # Get build deps

        $install build-essential fakeroot debhelper autoconf automake libssl-dev \

                 pkg-config bzip2 openssl python-all procps python-qt4 \

                 python-zopeinterface python-twisted-conch dkms

        # Build OVS

        cd $BUILD_DIR/openvswitch/openvswitch-$OVS_RELEASE

                DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS='parallel=2 nocheck' fakeroot debian/rules binary

        cd ..

        $pkginst openvswitch-common_$OVS_RELEASE*.deb openvswitch-datapath-dkms_$OVS_RELEASE*.deb \

                 openvswitch-pki_$OVS_RELEASE*.deb openvswitch-switch_$OVS_RELEASE*.deb

        if $pkginst openvswitch-controller_$OVS_RELEASE*.deb; then

            echo "Ignoring error installing openvswitch-controller"

        fi

        modinfo openvswitch

        sudo ovs-vsctl show

        # Switch can run on its own, but

        # Mininet should control the controller

        # This appears to only be an issue on Ubuntu/Debian

        if sudo service openvswitch-controller stop; then

            echo "Stopped running controller"

        fi

        if [ -e /etc/init.d/openvswitch-controller ]; then

            sudo update-rc.d openvswitch-controller disable

        fi

    else

        echo "Failed to install Open vSwitch.  OS must be Ubuntu >= 12.04"

            cd $BUILD_DIR

            return

    fi

}

# Install Open vSwitch

function ovs {

    echo "Installing Open vSwitch..."

    if [ "$DIST" == "Fedora" ]; then

        $install openvswitch openvswitch-controller

        return

    fi

    # Manually installing openvswitch-datapath may be necessary

    # for manually built kernel .debs using Debian's defective kernel

    # packaging, which doesn't yield usable headers.

    if ! dpkg --get-selections | grep openvswitch-datapath; then

        # If you've already installed a datapath, assume you

        # know what you're doing and don't need dkms datapath.

        # Otherwise, install it.

        $install openvswitch-datapath-dkms

    fi

    $install openvswitch-switch

    if $install openvswitch-controller; then

        # Switch can run on its own, but

        # Mininet should control the controller

        # This appears to only be an issue on Ubuntu/Debian

        if sudo service openvswitch-controller stop; then

            echo "Stopped running controller"

        fi

        if [ -e /etc/init.d/openvswitch-controller ]; then

            sudo update-rc.d openvswitch-controller disable

        fi

    else

        echo "Attempting to install openvswitch-testcontroller"

        if ! $install openvswitch-testcontroller; then

            echo "Failed - giving up"

        fi

    fi

}

function remove_ovs {

    pkgs=`dpkg --get-selections | grep openvswitch | awk '{ print $1;}'`

    echo "Removing existing Open vSwitch packages:"

    echo $pkgs

    if ! $remove $pkgs; then

        echo "Not all packages removed correctly"

    fi

    # For some reason this doesn't happen

    if scripts=`ls /etc/init.d/*openvswitch* 2>/dev/null`; then

        echo $scripts

        for s in $scripts; do

            s=$(basename $s)

            echo SCRIPT $s

            sudo service $s stop

            sudo rm -f /etc/init.d/$s

            sudo update-rc.d -f $s remove

        done

    fi

    echo "Done removing OVS"

}

function ivs {

    echo "Installing Indigo Virtual Switch..."

    IVS_SRC=$BUILD_DIR/ivs

    # Install dependencies

    $install git pkg-config gcc make libnl-3-dev libnl-route-3-dev libnl-genl-3-dev

    # Install IVS from source

    cd $BUILD_DIR

    git clone git://github.com/floodlight/ivs $IVS_SRC --recursive

    cd $IVS_SRC

    make

    sudo make install

}

# Install RYU

function ryu {

    echo "Installing RYU..."

    # install Ryu dependencies"

    $install autoconf automake g++ libtool python make

    if [ "$DIST" = "Ubuntu" ]; then

        $install libxml2 libxslt-dev python-pip python-dev

        sudo pip install gevent

    elif [ "$DIST" = "Debian" ]; then

        $install libxml2 libxslt-dev python-pip python-dev

        sudo pip install gevent

    fi

    # if needed, update python-six

    SIX_VER=`pip show six | grep Version | awk '{print $2}'`

    if version_ge 1.7.0 $SIX_VER; then

        echo "Installing python-six version 1.7.0..."

        sudo pip install -I six==1.7.0

    fi

    # fetch RYU

    cd $BUILD_DIR/

    git clone git://github.com/osrg/ryu.git ryu

    cd ryu

    # install ryu

    sudo python ./setup.py install

    # Add symbolic link to /usr/bin

    sudo ln -s ./bin/ryu-manager /usr/local/bin/ryu-manager

}

# Install NOX with tutorial files

function nox {

    echo "Installing NOX w/tutorial files..."

    # Install NOX deps:

    $install autoconf automake g++ libtool python python-twisted \

		swig libssl-dev make

    if [ "$DIST" = "Debian" ]; then

        $install libboost1.35-dev

    elif [ "$DIST" = "Ubuntu" ]; then

        $install python-dev libboost-dev

        $install libboost-filesystem-dev

        $install libboost-test-dev

    fi

    # Install NOX optional deps:

    $install libsqlite3-dev python-simplejson

    # Fetch NOX destiny

    cd $BUILD_DIR/

    git clone https://github.com/noxrepo/nox-classic.git noxcore

    cd noxcore

    if ! git checkout -b destiny remotes/origin/destiny ; then

        echo "Did not check out a new destiny branch - assuming current branch is destiny"

    fi

    # Apply patches

    git checkout -b tutorial-destiny

    git am $MININET_DIR/mininet/util/nox-patches/*tutorial-port-nox-destiny*.patch

    if [ "$DIST" = "Ubuntu" ] && version_ge $RELEASE 12.04; then

        git am $MININET_DIR/mininet/util/nox-patches/*nox-ubuntu12-hacks.patch

    fi

    # Build

    ./boot.sh

    mkdir build

    cd build

    ../configure

    make -j3

    #make check

    # Add NOX_CORE_DIR env var:

    sed -i -e 's|# for examples$|&\nexport NOX_CORE_DIR=$BUILD_DIR/noxcore/build/src|' ~/.bashrc

    # To verify this install:

    #cd ~/noxcore/build/src

    #./nox_core -v -i ptcp:

}

# Install NOX Classic/Zaku for OpenFlow 1.3

function nox13 {

    echo "Installing NOX w/tutorial files..."

    # Install NOX deps:

    $install autoconf automake g++ libtool python python-twisted \

        swig libssl-dev make

    if [ "$DIST" = "Debian" ]; then

        $install libboost1.35-dev

    elif [ "$DIST" = "Ubuntu" ]; then

        $install python-dev libboost-dev

        $install libboost-filesystem-dev

        $install libboost-test-dev

    fi

    # Fetch NOX destiny

    cd $BUILD_DIR/

    git clone https://github.com/CPqD/nox13oflib.git

    cd nox13oflib

    # Build

    ./boot.sh

    mkdir build

    cd build

    ../configure

    make -j3

    #make check

    # To verify this install:

    #cd ~/nox13oflib/build/src

    #./nox_core -v -i ptcp:

}

# "Install" POX

function pox {

    echo "Installing POX into $BUILD_DIR/pox..."

    cd $BUILD_DIR

    git clone https://github.com/noxrepo/pox.git

}

# Install OFtest

function oftest {

    echo "Installing oftest..."

    # Install deps:

    $install tcpdump python-scapy

    # Install oftest:

    cd $BUILD_DIR/

    git clone git://github.com/floodlight/oftest

}

# Install cbench

function cbench {

    echo "Installing cbench..."

    if [ "$DIST" = "Fedora" ]; then

        $install net-snmp-devel libpcap-devel libconfig-devel

    else

        $install libsnmp-dev libpcap-dev libconfig-dev

    fi

    cd $BUILD_DIR/

    git clone git://gitosis.stanford.edu/oflops.git

    cd oflops

    sh boot.sh || true # possible error in autoreconf, so run twice

    sh boot.sh

    ./configure --with-openflow-src-dir=$BUILD_DIR/openflow

    make

    sudo make install || true # make install fails; force past this

}

function vm_other {

    echo "Doing other Mininet VM setup tasks..."

    # Remove avahi-daemon, which may cause unwanted discovery packets to be

    # sent during tests, near link status changes:

    echo "Removing avahi-daemon"

    $remove avahi-daemon

    # was: Disable IPv6.  Add to /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist:

    #echo "Attempting to disable IPv6"

    #if [ "$DIST" = "Ubuntu" ]; then

    #    BLACKLIST=/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

    #else

    #    BLACKLIST=/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist

    #fi

    #sudo sh -c "echo 'blacklist net-pf-10\nblacklist ipv6' >> $BLACKLIST"

    # Disable IPv6

    if ! grep 'disable IPv6' /etc/sysctl.conf; then

        echo 'Disabling IPv6'

        echo '

# Mininet: disable IPv6

net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1

net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1

net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1' | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf > /dev/null

    fi

    # Disabling IPv6 breaks X11 forwarding via ssh

    line='AddressFamily inet'

    file='/etc/ssh/sshd_config'

    echo "Adding $line to $file"

    if ! grep "$line" $file > /dev/null; then

        echo "$line" | sudo tee -a $file > /dev/null

    fi

    # Enable command auto completion using sudo; modify ~/.bashrc:

    sed -i -e 's|# for examples$|&\ncomplete -cf sudo|' ~/.bashrc

    # Install tcpdump, cmd-line packet dump tool.  Also install gitk,

    # a graphical git history viewer.

    $install tcpdump gitk

    # Install common text editors

    $install vim nano emacs

    # Install NTP

    $install ntp

    # Set git to colorize everything.

    git config --global color.diff auto

    git config --global color.status auto

    git config --global color.branch auto

    # Reduce boot screen opt-out delay. Modify timeout in /boot/grub/menu.lst to 1:

    if [ "$DIST" = "Debian" ]; then

        sudo sed -i -e 's/^timeout.*$/timeout         1/' /boot/grub/menu.lst

    fi

    # Clean unneeded debs:

    rm -f ~/linux-headers-* ~/linux-image-*

}

# Script to copy built OVS kernel module to where modprobe will

# find them automatically.  Removes the need to keep an environment variable

# for insmod usage, and works nicely with multiple kernel versions.

#

# The downside is that after each recompilation of OVS you'll need to

# re-run this script.  If you're using only one kernel version, then it may be

# a good idea to use a symbolic link in place of the copy below.

function modprobe {

    echo "Setting up modprobe for OVS kmod..."

    set +o nounset

    if [ -z "$OVS_KMODS" ]; then

      echo "OVS_KMODS not set. Aborting."

    else

      sudo cp $OVS_KMODS $DRIVERS_DIR

      sudo depmod -a ${KERNEL_NAME}

    fi

    set -o nounset

}

function all {

    if [ "$DIST" = "Fedora" ]; then

        printf "\nFedora 18+ support (still work in progress):\n"

        printf " * Fedora 18+ has kernel 3.10 RPMS in the updates repositories\n"

        printf " * Fedora 18+ has openvswitch 1.10 RPMS in the updates repositories\n"

        printf " * the install.sh script options [-bfnpvw] should work.\n"

        printf " * for a basic setup just try:\n"

        printf "       install.sh -fnpv\n\n"

        exit 3

    fi

    echo "Installing all packages except for -eix (doxypy, ivs, nox-classic)..."

    kernel

    mn_deps

    # Skip mn_dev (doxypy/texlive/fonts/etc.) because it's huge

    # mn_dev

    of

    install_wireshark

    ovs

    # We may add ivs once it's more mature

    # ivs

    # NOX-classic is deprecated, but you can install it manually if desired.

    # nox

    pox

    oftest

    cbench

    echo "Enjoy Mininet!"

}

# Restore disk space and remove sensitive files before shipping a VM.

function vm_clean {

    echo "Cleaning VM..."

    sudo apt-get clean

    sudo apt-get autoremove

    sudo rm -rf /tmp/*

    sudo rm -rf openvswitch*.tar.gz

    # Remove sensistive files

    history -c  # note this won't work if you have multiple bash sessions

    rm -f ~/.bash_history  # need to clear in memory and remove on disk

    rm -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa* ~/.ssh/known_hosts

    sudo rm -f ~/.ssh/authorized_keys*

    # Remove Mininet files

    #sudo rm -f /lib/modules/python2.5/site-packages/mininet*

    #sudo rm -f /usr/bin/mnexec

    # Clear optional dev script for SSH keychain load on boot

    rm -f ~/.bash_profile

    # Clear git changes

    git config --global user.name "None"

    git config --global user.email "None"

    # Note: you can shrink the .vmdk in vmware using

    # vmware-vdiskmanager -k *.vmdk

    echo "Zeroing out disk blocks for efficient compaction..."

    time sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/zero bs=1M

    sync ; sleep 1 ; sync ; sudo rm -f /tmp/zero

}

function usage {

    printf '\nUsage: %s [-abcdfhikmnprtvVwxy03]\n\n' $(basename $0) >&2

    printf 'This install script attempts to install useful packages\n' >&2

    printf 'for Mininet. It should (hopefully) work on Ubuntu 11.10+\n' >&2

    printf 'If you run into trouble, try\n' >&2

    printf 'installing one thing at a time, and looking at the \n' >&2

    printf 'specific installation function in this script.\n\n' >&2

    printf 'options:\n' >&2

    printf -- ' -a: (default) install (A)ll packages - good luck!\n' >&2

    printf -- ' -b: install controller (B)enchmark (oflops)\n' >&2

    printf -- ' -c: (C)lean up after kernel install\n' >&2

    printf -- ' -d: (D)elete some sensitive files from a VM image\n' >&2

    printf -- ' -e: install Mininet d(E)veloper dependencies\n' >&2

    printf -- ' -f: install Open(F)low\n' >&2

    printf -- ' -h: print this (H)elp message\n' >&2

    printf -- ' -i: install (I)ndigo Virtual Switch\n' >&2

    printf -- ' -k: install new (K)ernel\n' >&2

    printf -- ' -m: install Open vSwitch kernel (M)odule from source dir\n' >&2

    printf -- ' -n: install Mini(N)et dependencies + core files\n' >&2

    printf -- ' -p: install (P)OX OpenFlow Controller\n' >&2

    printf -- ' -r: remove existing Open vSwitch packages\n' >&2

    printf -- ' -s <dir>: place dependency (S)ource/build trees in <dir>\n' >&2

    printf -- ' -t: complete o(T)her Mininet VM setup tasks\n' >&2

    printf -- ' -v: install Open (V)switch\n' >&2

    printf -- ' -V <version>: install a particular version of Open (V)switch on Ubuntu\n' >&2

    printf -- ' -w: install OpenFlow (W)ireshark dissector\n' >&2

    printf -- ' -y: install R(y)u Controller\n' >&2

    printf -- ' -x: install NO(X) Classic OpenFlow controller\n' >&2

    printf -- ' -0: (default) -0[fx] installs OpenFlow 1.0 versions\n' >&2

    printf -- ' -3: -3[fx] installs OpenFlow 1.3 versions\n' >&2

    exit 2

}

OF_VERSION=1.0

if [ $# -eq 0 ]

then

    all

else

    while getopts 'abcdefhikmnprs:tvV:wxy03' OPTION

    do

      case $OPTION in

      a)    all;;

      b)    cbench;;

      c)    kernel_clean;;

      d)    vm_clean;;

      e)    mn_dev;;

      f)    case $OF_VERSION in

            1.0) of;;

            1.3) of13;;

            *)  echo "Invalid OpenFlow version $OF_VERSION";;

            esac;;

      h)    usage;;

      i)    ivs;;

      k)    kernel;;

      m)    modprobe;;

      n)    mn_deps;;

      p)    pox;;

      r)    remove_ovs;;

      s)    mkdir -p $OPTARG; # ensure the directory is created

            BUILD_DIR="$( cd -P "$OPTARG" && pwd )"; # get the full path

            echo "Dependency installation directory: $BUILD_DIR";;

      t)    vm_other;;

      v)    ovs;;

      V)    OVS_RELEASE=$OPTARG;

            ubuntuOvs;;

      w)    install_wireshark;;

      x)    case $OF_VERSION in

            1.0) nox;;

            1.3) nox13;;

            *)  echo "Invalid OpenFlow version $OF_VERSION";;

            esac;;

      y)    ryu;;

      0)    OF_VERSION=1.0;;

      3)    OF_VERSION=1.3;;

      ?)    usage;;

      esac

    done

    shift $(($OPTIND - 1))

fi